肉鸡养殖场中耐药相关基因散播情况的调查研究

为研究耐药相关基因在肉鸡养殖场中的分布流行情况，本研究以河北省肉鸡养殖场待出栏肉鸡为研究对象，采用随机抽样方式采集肉鸡泄殖腔拭子样品264份，粪便污染地面样品9份，进行bla_NDM、bla_OXA、bla_CTX-M、armA、fexA、cfr、mcr-1、qnrS 8种耐药基因和int1、ISCR1 2种与耐药基因散布密切相关基因的实时荧光定量PCR检测。结果显示，10种基因在273份样品中均有不同程度检出，检出率在4.03%~97.07%之间，检出率最低的为armA基因，最高的为int1基因；样品中有基因共存情况，并以3种耐药基因共存的情况最多，有4份样品存在1种耐药基因，6份样品未检出任何耐药基因，没有样品共存8种耐药基因；通过数据分析，共得到41种不同的耐药基因谱型，其中常见的耐药基因谱型为bla_CTX-M-fexA-mcr-1和bla_OXA-bla_CTX-M-fexA-cfr-mcr-1-qnrS；分析发现样品携带两种及以上耐药基因时，与耐药基因散布相关的int1和ISCR1元件检出率越高，耐药基因在样品中检出的种类越多；耐药基因bla_OXA、bla_CTX-M、fexA、cfr、mcr-1、qnrS与int1基因的共存有统计学意义（P<0.05）；耐药基因bla_NDM、bla_OXA、bla_CTX-M、fexA、cfr、qnrS与ISCR1元件的共存有统计学意义（P<0.05）。本研究为畜牧兽医养殖行业耐药性监测工作提供了基于样品的新型实时荧光定量PCR检测方法，为有效预防耐药菌、耐药基因产生、控制耐药性的快速传播提供了可靠的数据支持。     

饲粮微量元素不同用量组合对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、胴体指标及肉品质的影响

为探究饲粮中微量元素不同用量组合对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、胴体指标与肉品质的影响,选用1日龄岭南黄鸡为试验鸡,共设3个处理:组1饲粮微量元素水平参照NRC(1994)[14]的营养需要量;组2参照广东典型市售鸡矿产品的微量元素水平;组3参考本课题组前期的微量元素需要量的研究结果。饲喂周期63d。结果表明:1～21日龄阶段,与组1试鸡相比,组3和组2试鸡的平均日增重与平均日采食量均得到显著提高(P0.05);22～42日龄阶段,与组1试鸡相比,组3的末重显著增加(P0.05)、料重比显著降低(P0.05),组1与组2试鸡的各项指标均无显著差异(P0.05);43～63日龄阶段,组3试鸡的末重较组1、组2试鸡均显著提高(P0.05)。组3试鸡的半净膛率相较于组1显著增加(P0.05)。63日龄胸肌肉品质分析表明,与组1试鸡相比,组2与组3试鸡的肉色红度值显著提高(P0.05)、滴水损失显著降低(P0.05),且组2试鸡剪切力、组3试鸡的肉色黄度值显著降低(P0.05)。综上,饲粮微量元素不同组合对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、胴体指标与肉品质影响显著,组2和组3均可提高肉鸡生长性能、改善肉品质,其中组3对生长性能的促进作用优于组2。     

共轭亚油酸的生物学功能及其在肉鸡上的应用

本文就共轭亚油酸的生物学功能及其对肉鸡生产性能、脂肪沉积、脂肪酸组成、免疫机能、屠宰性能和胴体品质影响方面进行综述。     

Use of Digestible Amino Acids and the Concept of Ideal Protein in Feed Formulation for Broilers

The objective of this study was to evaluate diet formulation based on digestible amino acids (DAA), the formulation of low protein diets supplemented with synthetic amino acids, and L-Thr supplementation to increase the Thr:Lys ratio from 67:100 to 70:100. Two experiments were carried out with Hubbard male broilers from 3 to 6 wk of age. In experiment 1, corn-soybean meal diets containing 20% CP were used. In experiment 2, 20% CP diets were formulated with corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, feather meal, and meat meal. In both experiments, body weight gain and economic evaluations were better for broilers fed diets formulated on DAA. Carcass yields and carcass composition were not significantly affected by formulation procedures. In experiment 2, birds fed diets based on DAA had improved feed efficiency compared with those fed total amino acids (TAA). In experiment 1, a reduction of CP from 20 to 18.2% did not affect broiler performance. It did, however, result in fatter carcasses, lower percentages of breast meat, and lower economic evaluation. In both experiments, performance and economic evaluation were not affected by the Thr:Lys ratio. In experiment 1, however, abdominal fat and carcass fatness were reduced, and, in both experiments, carcass protein level was higher with a Thr:Lys ratio of 70:100 than with 67:100 ratio (P < 0.05).     

Effects of Intestinal Modification by Antibiotics and Antibacterials on Utilization of Methionine Sources by Broiler Chickens

A study was conducted to determine if the response to different sources of Met was influenced by the presence or absence of antibiotics and antibacterials that might alter intestinal microflora. A Met-deficient diet (0.33% by analysis), based on corn and soybean meal, was fed with or without a mixture providing 200 g/ton of bacitracin methylene disalicylate, 200 g/ton of chlortetracycline, 100 g/ton of penicillin, and 100 g/ton of sulfaquinoxaline. Diets were fortified with DL-Met or the liquid form of 2-hydroxy-4-methylbutanoic acid (HMB) to provide supplemental levels of Met ranging from 0.0 to 0.20% in increments of 0.04%, based on 99% activity for DLDL-Met and 88% activity for HMB. The experimental treatments consisted of a 2 × 2 × 6 factorial arrangement of treatments with 2 diet types (medicated and unmedicated), 2 Met sources (DL-Met and HMB) at 6 levels of supplementation for a total of 24 dietary treatments. Each of these was fed to 6 replicate pens of 5 male chicks from 0 to 21 d, stratified across tiers in the battery.Feeding the medicated diets resulted in a significant reduction in intestinal bacterial as measured by total aerobic plate count of ileal contents, with significant improvements in BW and feed conversion. However, there were no significant interactions between the medications and the response to the 2 sources of Met. There was no difference in BW or feed conversion related to the 2 different sources of Met when fed to provide equimolar amounts of Met activity. Chicks responded to increasing levels of Met, but there was no interaction between source and level of Met for BW or feed conversion. Peak response appeared to occur at approximately 0.08% supplemental (0.41% total) Met, somewhat below current NRC recommendations. It does not appear that a difference in antibiotic content of test diets is responsible for the discrepancy in reported responses to the 2 sources of Met.     

地奥心血康对肉鸡腹水症影响的模拟试验

２８０只初生肉鸡随机分成４组，每组７个重复，每重复１０只。１～２１日龄按常规育雏的湿度、温度控制。２１～４０日龄饲养在低温隔离主中模拟复制肉鸡腹水症。从开食起，饲料中添加中药地奥心血康，４个组饲料中含地奥心血康分别为０．５００，１５００和３５００ｍｇ／ｋｇ。结果表明，正常鸡的心脏重量低于腹水症鸡；对照组的肝脏重高于试验组；饲料中添加２５００ｍｇ／ｋｇ地奥心血康，明显降低肉鸡腹水症的复制率。     

酶制剂在肉用仔鸡饲养中的应用及其生理生化指标的分析

研究了四种加酶饲料（基础饲料（ＣＫ）、基础饲料＋１％淀粉酶、基础饲料＋０．５％胃蛋白酶、基础饲料＋１％淀粉酶＋０．５％胃蛋白酶）对肉用仔鸡增重、饲料转化率及血液中某些生理生化指标的影响。结果表明：加酶饲料对肉鸡的增重分别比对照提高４．４０％、５．９５％、７．５０％，饲料转化率分别比对照提高３．７６％、７．５３％、１３．９８％，其中加二酶复合制剂组的增重效果显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），加酶饲料对肉鸡的血红蛋白、血浆总脂类、ｒ－球蛋白的含量没有影响（Ｐ＞０．０５），饲料中加淀粉酶制剂可使血糖明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。使用二酶的复合制剂可使血浆总蛋白、清蛋白、α１－球蛋白明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。